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Modern Imaging Techniques in Medicine
Pařízek, Aleš ; Neuwirthová, Ludmila (referee) ; Rujbrová, Šárka (advisor)
Cílem této práce je popsat základní principy a fyzikální veličiny spjaté s jednotlivými zobrazovacími metodami a poté jednotlivé metody porovnat. Práce popisuje vznik rentgenového záření, jeho interakci s různými materiály a metody snímaní pro vytvoření obrazů. Dále se práce zabývá základním principem vytvoření 3D obrazů pomocí počítačové tomografie a jednotlivými generacemi tomografických strojů. V poslední části se práce věnuje principu nukleární magnetické resonance a základním parametrům pro vytvoření obrazů pomocí MRI systémů.
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Radiology in České Budějovice - history and present
ŠUSTEK, Jan
The bachelor thesis on "Radiology in České Budějovice - history and present" in the introductory chapters deals with the most important historical events in the field of radiology. It describes the discovery of X-rays, the development of digitalization, the development of radiodiagnostic methods from skiagraphy to magnetic resonance. The next part of the thesis summarizes and describes the establishment and development of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. up to its present form. From the available information, the development of the radiology department is presented not only in the hospital itself, but also in three polyclinics in České Budějovice. The aim of the thesis is to find out which radiodiagnostic method is most used and whether the improvement of newer methods has an influence on the number of X-rays performed. This survey is based on the number of examinations from 2001, 2011 and 2021.
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Diagnostic imaging of patients with polytrauma
FIŠER, Martin
The bachelor thesis deals with diagnostic imaging methods in polytraumatized patients. Diagnostic imaging methods play a big role in the examination of these patients, where the main goal is an early diagnosis, which should help, in severe cases, even save the patient's life. This thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The first half of the theoretical part explains the definition of polytrauma and the mechanisms of its formation. The most common causes of multiple injuries are described. The second half describes the imaging methods that are used in the examination of polytraumas. First, I explain the basic radiological procedures and their algorithm in polytrauma. Then the thesis focuses on the principles of computed tomography, ultrasonography, skiagraphy and magnetic resonance. Contrast agents that we use in the diagnosis of a polytraumatized patient are listed. In the practical part, using the obtained data from the Hospital České Budějovice a.s., it was statistically examined whether the number of patients has increased over the past five years or not. In addition, the gender and age distribution of patients with polytrauma were investigated. The statistical representation of the causes of injury is also examined. The practical part also deals with what examination is performed most often. All data are clearly processed into tables and graphs. This bachelor thesis can serve as an educational material for students of medical disciplines and radiological assistants.
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Blended learning for teaching radiology subjects
PELIKÁN, Jiří
The objective of my bachelor's thesis on Blended learning for teaching Radiology subjects, was to create a clear list of basic skiagraphic projections in radiodiagnostics, written instructions added to them, photographic documentation for easier understanding of the projection and teaching program in the Moodle ZSF JU environment. In the theoretical part of the work I dealt with the origin of X-rays, its properties and possibilities of use. I also mentioned the risks of its use, the need for proper radiation protection, and I analyzed the parts of the X-ray machine and the systems used in skiagraphy. In the practical part I created a list of standardly used skiagraphic projections. Using professional scripts, instructions, standards and experience of radiological staff of the Kyjov Hospital, I subsequently created a text manual for them, supplemented by photographic documentation of individual projections on a model. Subsequently, I created a tutorial in the Moodle ZSF JU environment, supplemented by a database of exam questions.
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Modern Imaging Techniques in Medicine
Pařízek, Aleš ; Neuwirthová, Ludmila (referee) ; Rujbrová, Šárka (advisor)
Cílem této práce je popsat základní principy a fyzikální veličiny spjaté s jednotlivými zobrazovacími metodami a poté jednotlivé metody porovnat. Práce popisuje vznik rentgenového záření, jeho interakci s různými materiály a metody snímaní pro vytvoření obrazů. Dále se práce zabývá základním principem vytvoření 3D obrazů pomocí počítačové tomografie a jednotlivými generacemi tomografických strojů. V poslední části se práce věnuje principu nukleární magnetické resonance a základním parametrům pro vytvoření obrazů pomocí MRI systémů.
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Hand injuries - The position of imaging methods in their diagnostics
MATTANELLI, Ondřej
This thesis focuses on hand injuries and their diagnoses by imaging techniques from the point of view of a radiology assistant. It studies the area of carpal and metacarpal bones and phalanges. The aim of this thesis is to show procedures and a variety of activities of a radiology assistant during making a diagnosis of a hand injury and to describe possibilities of particular diagnostic modalities for detailed evaluation and characteristics of a hand injury. The integral part is a working hypothesis of different attitudes to clients of different age groups.
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Skiascopic and skiagraphic examination of the spine with a focus on scoliosis
DOSTÁL, Martin
The spine is the body's support system and a supporting pole to the whole skeleton, therefore it is important to take good care of it to prevent its deformities, such as scoliosis. Scoliosis is a serious illness which can appear at a really young age. Nowadays, it's timely detection and early treatment is achieved through not only expert orthopaedic check-up, but mainly through radiological examination, mostly skiagraphy. In my bachelor thesis named "Skiascopic and skiagraphic examination of the spine with a focus on scoliosis" I deal with skiagraphic and fluoroscopic options of examining the spine, the issues of scoliosis in general and with specific statistical analysis of incidents of scoliotic changes recorded at the Radiological clinic of the University hospital Brno, at the department of adult medicine. In the introduction, I explain the basic anatomy of the spine including the movement possibilities of individual spinal parts, such as tilting or rotation. The differences between cervical, thoracic and lumbar part of the spine, and their individual vertebrae, are described. In the next part, I focus on the basic principles of skiagraphy and fluoroscopy. It's important to realise what these examination techniques involve, how they work and why are they indispensable parts of examination process of scoliosis. The origin of x-rays and its types are explicated. I also devote a little subchapter to digitalisation, because in modern medicine, it's gradually replacing original technology of recording on film screens, and its use requires minor adjustements of the skiagraphy procedure. The third part of the bachelor thesis focuses on individual skiascopic and skiagraphic examinations of the spine. I describe procedures of skiagraphy of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar part of the spine including the projection of the sacrum. I mention special skiagraphic methods performed in the process of intentional detection or observation of scoliotic changes, including telemetric pictures composed into the long format. From the skiscopic examinations, I marginally chose myelography and discography, application of which is currently almost none thanks to modern examination methods such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In the next chapter, I'm finnaly dealing with the topic of scoliosis itself. The basic classification according to aetiology is shown, I also explain the difference between idiopathic, congenial and neuromuscular scoliosis. Also, I clarify by what reference is the scoliosis' curvature measured and what terms are used to describe scoliosis. The chapter concludes by brief explanation of therapy used for scoliosis. The second part of the thesis includes my research. I present the goals of the work and anticipated hypothesis. I explain where and in what conditions the data collection took place, including description of the process of telemetrical screening at the forementioned workplace in Brno. I also present outcome achieved by statistical processing of data, including my commentary based on hypothesis and acquired experience. In the discussion, I compared incidents of scoliosis today according to my research with professional literature focused on scoliosis. Furthermore, I mentioned options of spinal issues prevention, including related illnesses. I also enclose suggestion of utilization of my work in practice, which, as I hope, will be a usefull addition to clinical research for University hospital Brno. In the last part of my dissertation, I summarize all my findings from the thesis and enclose, along with the list of used literature and internet links, attachments in the form of expertly described radiographs of scoliotical spines, which I obtained, with the consent of the staff, also ati the University hospital Brno.
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Bone traumatology
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Barbora
The subject of the bachelor?s work is ?Bone traumatology?, which is in health institutions of the Czech Republic classified forefront in diagnostics thanks to skiagraphy. In nowadays medicine new technologies are used permanently. Dealed with conventional radiology, its the biggest expansion came in the beginning of 20 century, when some new radiation X (X-ray radiation) was discovered. Just thanks to this discovery the new era of permanently developing new methods for diagnostics started. The theoretical part of the work is concerned with anatomy of a bone together with traumatology. Next there is a part dedicated to some basic facts about X-ray radiation. In this work is also described skiagraphy, in which I deal more with the matters of film material and digital radiology. In hospitals and in majority of workplaces we meet more and more digitalisation of a system and a transition from film materials to various detectors (an image intensifier, semiconductor detectors, photostimulable phosphor plate etc.,). The aim of the work is to analyse a quotient of skiagraphy of bone traumatology in particular age groups. The hypotheses of this bachelor?s work were defined this way: in radiodiagnostic wards predominates skiagraphy of an axial skeleton over other radiographic diagnostics (soft tissues- lungs, a heart, an abdomen). The most numerous group of examined people are children at the age to 15. The practical part of the work provides information dealed mainly with numbers of radiographic exeminations performed in the X-ray workplace in Týn nad Vltavou from 2009 to 2011. These examinations were concerned with bones, but also soft tissues (a heart, lungs, an abdomen). The data were found out from operative diaries and computer systems. In this work there were compared patients of particular age groups: - in the number of radiographic examinations in an observed period (2009-2011) - in the number of radiographicly, examined particular zones of a human body (a hearth+lungs, a spine, an upper limb, a lower limb, a skull, ribs+a breastbone and an abdomen). Further data which was obtained from the internet portal of Institute of health information and statistics of the Czech Republic (ÚZIS ČR) were worked up. Examinations were tested through the use of imaging technologies in the Czech Rebublic and Southern Bohemia and a number of radiographic examined particular zones of a human body (a breast,a lower limb, an upper limb, a spine, bone radiology and an abdomen) in Southern Bohemia from 2009 to 2011. All the obtained data I worked up into particular graphs which are found in the chapter ?Quantitative research?. In the chapter ?Discussion? particular graphs are described and are complemented with my personal hypothesis and opinions of a radiology asistent from X-ray workplace in Týn nad Vltavou. The results of the work prove that the aim of the work was realised. Defined hypothesis no.1: in radiological workplaces skiagraphy of an axial skeleton prevails over the other radiographic diagnosis (soft tissues- a heart, lungs, an abdomen) was confirmed, however hypothesis no.2: the most numerous group of examined are children to the age of 15 was not succesful to confirm. In the chapter ?Conclusion? I summarised the results of the work, which will help as a supplemental statistical material with a more detailed structure in X-ray workplace in Týn nad Vltavou. The theoretical part of the work can be used as a tutorial material not only in the subject of the radiological assistant.
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Indications of individual imaging femoropatellar joint investigations
KOLÁŘ, Jiří
The main theme of this bachelor work is to evaluate the indication of single imaging methods for examinations in the area of the patellofemoral joint. The work contains shortly summarized anatomy-physiology conditions in this area, including anatomy variations of the patella and the patellofemoral joint pathology. The work continues with a description of single indicated imaging methods. The basic is a skiagraphy examination, every single projection is described in details, including a historical overview of the axial patella projection. Other methods which are mentioned are the artrography, the magnetic resonance imaging, the computed tomography and the scintigraphy. Issues of contraindications and risks for patients related to examinations are mentioned, too. A level of suitability how to use other examination methods, especially MRI, is considered on a chosen patient sample. At first plain pictures were done, some patients undertook ultrasonography examination and finally a magnetic resonance imaging examination was indicated. The computed tomography and the scintigraphy are not usually used for patellofemoral joint indications. The author compares financial and time demands of each method. The cheapest seem to be plain pictures and the sonography, on the other hand the most expensive is the magnetic resonance imaging, which is also the best way in the diagnostics at the same time. The magnetic resonance imaging method is the most contributory for a valuation of cartilages and tender joint parts. The time demands make a part of the comparison, too.
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